一、ModelForm的介绍
ModelForm a. class Meta: model, # 对应Model的 fields=None, # 字段 exclude=None, # 排除字段 labels=None, # 提示信息 help_texts=None, # 帮助提示信息 widgets=None, # 自定义插件 error_messages=None, # 自定义错误信息(整体错误信息from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS) field_classes=None # 自定义字段类 (也可以自定义字段) localized_fields=('birth_date',) # 本地化,如:根据不同时区显示数据 如: 数据库中 2016-12-27 04:10:57 setting中的配置 TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai' USE_TZ = True 则显示: 2016-12-27 12:10:57 b. 验证执行过程 is_valid -> full_clean -> 钩子 -> 整体错误 c. 字典字段验证 def clean_字段名(self): # 可以抛出异常 # from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError return "新值" d. 用于验证 model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm() model_form_obj.is_valid() model_form_obj.errors.as_json() model_form_obj.clean() model_form_obj.cleaned_data e. 用于创建 model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm(request.POST) #### 页面显示,并提交 ##### # 默认保存多对多 obj = form.save(commit=True) # 不做任何操作,内部定义 save_m2m(用于保存多对多) obj = form.save(commit=False) obj.save() # 保存单表信息 obj.save_m2m() # 保存关联多对多信息 f. 用于更新和初始化 obj = model.tb.objects.get(id=1) model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm(request.POST,instance=obj) ... PS: 单纯初始化 model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm(initial={...})
注意事项
- 1. 类 class Foo(ModelForm): class Meta: # model = models.Role # fields = "__all__" # fields = ['caption',] # exclude = ['catpion'] model = models.UserType fields = "__all__" error_messages = { 'title':{'required':'名称不能为空','invalid':'格式错误'} } widgets = { 'title':wd.TextInput(attrs={'class':'c1'}) } - 2. 添加 GET: form = Foo() POST: form = Foo(data=request.POST) form.is_valid() form.cleaned_data form.erros form.save() - 3. 修改 GET: form = Foo(instance=obj) POST: form = Foo(instance=obj,dat=request.POST) ... form.save()
表结构
from django.db import models# Create your models here.class UserInfo (models.Model): username = models.CharField(max_length=32) email = models.EmailField(max_length=32) ut = models.ForeignKey("UserType")class UserType (models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=32) roles = models.ManyToManyField(to="Roles") def __str__(self): return self.titleclass Roles(models.Model): caption = models.CharField(max_length=32) def __str__(self): return self.caption
基于Form组件的添加和编辑
from django.forms import Form, fields,widgets,ModelFormfrom django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponsefrom app01 import models# Create your views here.class RoleForm(Form): '''利用Form''' caption = fields.CharField(required=True,error_messages={"required":True})def role(request): role_obj = models.Roles.objects.all() print(role_obj) return render(request, "role.html",{"role_obj":role_obj})# 基于Form实现的def role_add(request): '''添加角色''' if request.method=="GET": form = RoleForm() return render(request,"role_add.html",{"form":form}) else: form = RoleForm(data=request.POST) if form.is_valid(): caption = form.cleaned_data.get("caption") models.Roles.objects.create(caption=caption) #保存数据到数据库 # models.Roles.objects.create(**form.cleaned_data) return redirect("/role/") else: return render(request,"role_add.html",{"form":form})
编辑:基于Form实现表单编辑
def role_edit(request,nid): obj = models.Roles.objects.filter(id=nid).first() if not obj : return HttpResponse("页面不存在") if request.method=="GET": form = RoleForm(initial={"caption":obj.caption}) #编辑的时候需要一个instance,让instance=一个你要编辑的那个对象 else: form = RoleForm(data = request.POST) if form.is_valid(): models.Roles.objects.filter(id=nid).update(**form.cleaned_data) return redirect("/role/") return render(request,"role_edit.html",{"form":form})
四、基于ModelForm的添加和编辑
添加:单表的添加
# 基于ModelForm的添加class RoleModelForm(ModelForm): class Meta: #这个类必须写,而且名字必须是这个 model = models.Roles #这个model也是固定的,注意不加s, fields = "__all__" #代表所有的字段,但是你也可以指定单个的字段def role_add(request): if request.method == "GET": form = RoleModelForm() return render(request,"role_add.html",{"form":form}) else: form = RoleModelForm(data=request.POST) if form.is_valid(): form.save() #这里直接可以用save方法,就把数据创建了 保存到数据库了 return redirect("/role/") else: return render(request,"role_add.html",{"form":form})
添加:多对多的添加,一对多的提添加也是一样
# 多对多的添加def usertype(request): user_type_list = models.UserType.objects.all() return render(request,"usertype.html",{'user_type_list':user_type_list})class UserTypeModelForm(ModelForm): title = fields.CharField(max_length=6,required=True,widget=widgets.Textarea) #这个字段是临时添加的, # 也就是说modelForm也可以用Form的方式。 # 也可以用这样的方式新增字段, 如果有就覆盖,没有就增加;像现在这种情况就是吧下面的给覆盖了,当然没有上面的这个就用下面的了 class Meta: model = models.UserType fields = "__all__" error_messages = { "title":{"required":"用户名不能为空","invalid":"邮箱格式不一致"} } widgets = { "title":widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"c1"}) }def usertype_add(request): if request.method=="GET": modelform = UserTypeModelForm() return render(request,"usertype_add.html",{"modelform":modelform}) else: modelform = UserTypeModelForm(data=request.POST) if modelform.is_valid(): modelform.save() #也可以用save来实现,就连关系表的字段也都添加了 return redirect("/usertype/") else: return render(request, "usertype_add.html", {"modelform": modelform})
#基于modelForm实现的编辑
def role_edit(request,nid): obj = models.Roles.objects.filter(id=nid).first() if not obj : return HttpResponse("页面不存在") if request.method=="GET": form = RoleModelForm(instance=obj) #编辑的时候需要一个instance,让instance=一个你要编辑的那个对象 else: form = RoleModelForm(data = request.POST,instance=obj) if form.is_valid: form.save() return redirect("/role/") return render(request,"role_edit.html",{"form":form})
#编辑:多对多的编辑
# 多对多的编辑def usertype(request): user_type_list = models.UserType.objects.all() return render(request,"usertype.html",{'user_type_list':user_type_list})class UserTypeModelForm(ModelForm): title = fields.CharField(max_length=6,required=True,widget=widgets.Textarea) #这个字段是临时添加的, class Meta: model = models.UserType fields = "__all__" error_messages = { "title":{"required":"用户名不能为空","invalid":"邮箱格式不一致"} } widgets = { "title":widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"c1"}) }def usertype_edit(request,nid): #查出当前类型用户对应的角色 obj = models.UserType.objects.filter(id =nid).first() if not obj: return HttpResponse("页面不存在") if request.method =="GET": form = UserTypeModelForm(instance=obj) return render(request,"usertype_edit.html",{"form":form}) else: form = UserTypeModelForm(instance=obj,data=request.POST) if form.is_valid(): form.save() return redirect("/usertype/") return render(request,"usertype_edit.html",{"form":form})